Collective memory

Even more interesting is that the immediate model for the new collection, the National Gallery in London, had opened only in 1824 and the original building by William Wilkins, in what was then the new Trafalgar Square, was completed in 1838. At the time of the NGV's foundation, the London gallery, far too small and constrained by a cramped site, was already being modified. In the 1870s, after the acquisition of a neighbouring site, it was considerably extended by architect Charles Barry.

London had been in the forefront of modern museology with the opening of the British Museum in 1759, but it was something of a laggard with regard to picture galleries. Royal and princely collections had long been open to interested and qualified visitors, if not to the general public. Visits to such collections became an integral part of the grand tour. In the latter part of the century, royal collections in several countries were turned into public galleries, including what are now the Alte Pinakothek in Munich, the Uffizi in Florence and, after the French Revolution, the Louvre in Paris.

In a historical perspective, therefore, the London gallery was rather late and the Melbourne one surprisingly early. The alacrity with which Melbourne took its cue from London can be partly explained by the immense wealth generated in the gold rush that coincided with separation from NSW and the explosion of immigration, which had stalled after the cessation of convict transportation in the 1840s. But it is also a symptom of the ambition of the new colonies to grow into nations -- hence the appellation national gallery -- and the energy with which they embraced the importance of educational and cultural improvement.

The power of education to form individuals, and consequently a society, was an important Enlightenment theme that persisted into the 19th century. Empiricist thinkers were inclined to deny all innate qualities and consider the mind at birth a tabula rasa, or blank surface waiting to be inscribed by experience and training. The theme had particular importance for a country such as Australia, which had not been populated by idealists and utopians but initially by criminals and their jailers, then by the poor and the adventurous, with a relatively parsimonious but still significant sprinkling of distinguished minds.

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